Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh, is a vibrant and bustling metropolis located in the heart of the country. With a history dating back over a thousand years, Dhaka has evolved into a dynamic urban center, serving as the political, economic, and cultural hub of Bangladesh. From its historic monuments to its bustling markets and modern skyscrapers, Dhaka offers visitors a captivating blend of old-world charm and contemporary energy.
City Facts:
- Area: Dhaka covers an area of approximately 306 square kilometers (118 square miles).
- Population: As of the latest estimates, Dhaka is home to over 21 million people, making it one of the most densely populated cities in the world.
- Time Zone: Dhaka operates on Bangladesh Standard Time (BST), which is UTC+6.
- Highest Mountain: The highest mountain in Bangladesh is Saka Haphong, located in the southeastern part of the country. However, Dhaka is situated in a low-lying delta region and does not have any significant mountains within its vicinity.
- Longest River: The Padma River, a major tributary of the Ganges, is the longest river in Bangladesh. While Dhaka is not directly located on the Padma, it is situated near the confluence of several rivers, including the Buriganga and the Shitalakshya.
Major Landmarks
Dhaka boasts a wealth of landmarks that reflect its rich history, cultural heritage, and modern development. From ancient mosques to colonial-era buildings and bustling bazaars, here are some of the major landmarks in the city:
1. Lalbagh Fort
Lalbagh Fort is a historic fortification dating back to the 17th century, built during the Mughal period. Located in the heart of Dhaka, the fort features impressive Mughal architecture, including ornate gateways, mosques, and a mausoleum. Visitors can explore the fort’s sprawling grounds, gardens, and museums, learning about its storied history and significance in the region.
2. Ahsan Manzil
Ahsan Manzil, also known as the Pink Palace, is a majestic palace complex built in the 19th century by the Nawabs of Dhaka. Situated along the banks of the Buriganga River, the palace is renowned for its distinctive pink facade, ornate domes, and exquisite interior decorations. Visitors can tour the palace’s opulent rooms, halls, and courtyards, gaining insight into the lifestyle and culture of the Nawab rulers.
3. Dhakeshwari Temple
Dhakeshwari Temple is one of the oldest Hindu temples in Bangladesh, dating back to the 12th century. Dedicated to the goddess Dhakeshwari, the temple is a sacred pilgrimage site for Hindu devotees and a symbol of religious tolerance and diversity in Dhaka. The temple’s architectural features, including its terracotta walls and towering spires, reflect a blend of Hindu and Mughal influences.
4. Shahid Minar
Shahid Minar, or the Martyrs’ Monument, is a symbolic memorial dedicated to the martyrs of the Bengali Language Movement of 1952. Located in the heart of Dhaka, the monument features a towering obelisk adorned with intricate carvings and inscriptions, surrounded by lush gardens and fountains. Shahid Minar serves as a poignant reminder of the sacrifices made for the preservation of Bengali language and culture.
5. Liberation War Museum
The Liberation War Museum is a museum dedicated to documenting and commemorating the Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971. Located in Dhaka, the museum features exhibits on the war’s history, key events, and significance in the country’s struggle for independence. Visitors can explore artifacts, photographs, and multimedia displays, as well as attend educational programs and events highlighting the war’s legacy.
Climate Overview
Dhaka experiences a subtropical monsoon climate with distinct wet and dry seasons. The city’s climate is characterized by hot and humid summers, mild winters, and heavy rainfall during the monsoon season. Here is a table detailing the average temperature, precipitation, and sunny days for each month:
| Month | Average Temperature (°C) | Precipitation (mm) | Sunny Days |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 22 | 10 | 8 |
| February | 25 | 15 | 8 |
| March | 29 | 25 | 9 |
| April | 31 | 50 | 8 |
| May | 32 | 130 | 7 |
| June | 31 | 250 | 5 |
| July | 31 | 320 | 4 |
| August | 31 | 310 | 4 |
| September | 31 | 270 | 5 |
| October | 30 | 130 | 6 |
| November | 27 | 30 | 7 |
| December | 23 | 10 | 8 |
Other Historical Capital Cities
Throughout Bangladesh’s history, several other cities have served as its capital at different times, each leaving its mark on the country’s cultural, political, and economic landscape.
Chittagong (1704-1717)
Chittagong, located in southeastern Bangladesh, served as the capital of Bengal during the reign of the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb from 1704 to 1717. As a major port city and commercial hub, Chittagong played a crucial role in the region’s trade and maritime activities. The city was known for its strategic location, fortified defenses, and bustling markets, attracting traders, merchants, and travelers from across Asia and beyond.
Mymensingh (1860-1865)
Mymensingh, situated in northern Bangladesh, briefly served as the capital of Bengal during the British colonial period from 1860 to 1865. The city’s strategic location along the Brahmaputra River and its fertile agricultural lands made it an important administrative and economic center. Mymensingh was known for its colonial-era buildings, educational institutions, and cultural heritage, contributing to its significance in the history of Bangladesh.
Country Facts
Area: According to COUNTRIESZIPPER.COM, Bangladesh is a densely populated country located in South Asia, covering an area of approximately 147,570 square kilometers (56,980 square miles).
Population: With a population of over 160 million people, Bangladesh is one of the most populous countries in the world.
Official Language: Bengali, also known as Bangla, is the official language of Bangladesh, spoken by the majority of the population.
Currency: The Bangladeshi taka (BDT) is the official currency of Bangladesh.
Government: Bangladesh is a parliamentary democracy with a Prime Minister as the head of government and a President as the ceremonial head of state.
Independence: Bangladesh gained independence from Pakistan on December 16, 1971, following a nine-month-long war of independence.
Natural Resources: Bangladesh is known for its fertile agricultural lands, rivers, and natural gas reserves. The country is also vulnerable to natural disasters such as cyclones, floods, and landslides.
Culture: Bangladeshi culture is a rich tapestry of Bengali traditions, influenced by Hindu, Buddhist, and Islamic heritage. The country is known for its vibrant festivals, traditional music and dance, and renowned literary figures.
Flag: The flag of Bangladesh consists of a red circle representing the sun on a green field, symbolizing the lush greenery and vitality of the country.
National Anthem: “Amar Shonar Bangla” is the national anthem of Bangladesh, written by Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore, celebrating the beauty and spirit of the Bangladeshi people.
Economy: Bangladesh has a mixed economy with a strong focus on agriculture, textiles, and manufacturing. The country has experienced rapid economic growth in recent years, driven by its export-oriented industries and a growing labor force.
In conclusion, Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh, is a dynamic and diverse metropolis that embodies the country’s rich history, cultural heritage, and modern aspirations. From its ancient landmarks to its bustling streets, Dhaka offers visitors a vibrant tapestry of experiences and attractions, making it a captivating destination in South Asia.